Kurt Lewin Group Dynamic Theory
Introduction-
The credit for the origin of this theory basically goes to Kurt Lewin (1890-1947). He popularized the name of group dynamics. In 1945, he established the first such institute which was specifically engaged in the research of group dynamics. Many important institutions have been studied in this institute. Such as group goals, group decisions, group relations, production, group interaction, group level or standard, group aspiration etc.
Definitions of group dynamics
1- Krach Field and Krach -
"Group dynamics refers to those changes which take place in groups. "
2- According to Good,
"the subject of group dynamics is the interactive psychological relationship in which the members of a group develop common sense on the basis of shared feelings and emotions. These interpersonal relations are called group dynamics."
Characteristics -
1 - Knowledge of active forces
2. Study of group forces
3 - Study of group change
4 - Development of group perception
5. Knowledge of psychological relations of individuals in the group
6. Study of common goals
7. Control of the group
8. Feeling of unity and cooperation in the group
9. Control over the group
10. Mutual gratitude
11. Having a feeling of 'we'
12. Similarity of behavior.
Educational implications of group science -
Group mind is different from individual mind. Just as the mind of an individual controls and directs the thoughts, desires and actions of the individual, in the same way the group mind controls, determines and directs all the actions and behavior of the group. The group mind is controlled by the leader. Whatever the leader does, the group mind goes in that direction. When we talk of an organization, we mean the higher level of the group.
1. Stability of group -
Physical stability of a group should be maintained in the school as far as possible. For good relations among the members of the school, closeness among them is necessary.
2- Group consciousness -
It is the social responsibility of a teacher to develop group consciousness in the field of education.
3- Division of work among members -
For group spirit, division of work among members is very important in educational institutions, which helps in the complete development of group dynamics and group mentality among students.
4 - Development of group traditions -
Group dynamics determine the mutual relations in the school. By building a good group tradition, a permanent relationship is maintained in group life. Group dynamics help in establishing student councils, alumni committees and organizing various programs in the school from time to time.
5 - Group prayer meeting -
Every school should have a morning prayer meeting before starting daily work. All students should participate in it which helps in developing a collective feeling among them.
6 - Uniform school uniform -
When all students wear the same uniform, no kind of discrimination develops among them. Unity is seen in their mutual relations which helps in group dynamics.
7- Education of patriotism and citizenship -
Students should be taught patriotism and citizenship through collective science.
Leadership
INTRODUCATION
The development of any nation, institution or community depends on its leader. The social, cultural, political and economic heights that a nation can reach are as follows:
Types of leadership -
1 - Dominant or authoritative leader -
This type of leader is aggressive and outward-looking. He gives orders to his members and the members obey his orders. Such a leader uses his group for his personal interests. He cannot tolerate any kind of argument.
Catch and Crutchfield - He alone decides the policies of the group. He alone makes big plans. He alone knows the sequential steps of the future activities of the group. He alone decides the actions of the members and their interrelationship.
2 - Democratic or encouraging leader -
The biggest quality of this type of leader is that he is very close to his group. He stays in harmony with the members of his group. He tries to understand their problems, needs, demands and feelings and find the means to fulfill them. He tries to complete the tasks in the interest of the group by relying on the logical style. He does not believe in any tradition or institutional monopoly. He is the real creator of the group.
3- Institutional leader. -
An institutional leader is the head of a group. The priest of a temple, the head of a school, office or factory, the collector of a district, the president of a country, the head of a company etc. are all institutional leaders.
4- Laissez-faire Leadership or delegative leadership-
this lender slip style is known as-hands off approach. In this style leader provide minimum direction and allowing team members to make their own decisions and take responsibility for their work. This leadership style assumes that employess are competent and self-sufficient enough to work independently.-
Characteristics -
1 Empowerment of team members to make decisions.
2-minimum interference from the leader
3.High level of autonomy for employees
4. Ideal for highly skilled and self- motivated teams.
Advantages of this leader ship -
1- Encouragement of creativity and innovative thinking .
2- High job satisfaction when employees appreciate independence.
5 -Situational leadership-
One of the insights from Kurt Lewin's work is that there is no one size-fits-all leadership style. the most effective leaders are those who can adapt their approach to the situation the needs of the team and the desired outcomes.
Conclusion
In the end it can be said that the most effective style among these different styles is the situational style in which the leader gets his group members to work according to their behavior, thoughts and time.
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