Introduction-
Word motivation is derived from the word "mover" Which means to move.
Motivation is the heart of learning, The golden road of learning, perpetual state is also said to be a major factor in learning.
Definition of motivation
According to Johnson - Motivation is the influence of general pattern of activities Indicating and directing the behavior of the organism
According to Gates- motives are physiological and psychological conditions within the organism that dispose it to act in certain ways.
According to Carter V. Good-
Motivation is the process of arousing, sustaining and regulating activity .
According to crow and crow-
Motivation is concerned with the arousal of interest in learning and to that extent is basic to learning.
According to Bernard - Motivation is the statement of action towards a particular objective where previously there was little or no attraction to that goal.
Aspects of Motivation.
1 Need- To maintain the life of every living being, it has some basic needs which need to be fulfilled.
According to Boring - "Need is the tension within the organism which tends to organize the sphere of the organism in relation to certain stimuli which excite action directed towards their attainment."
The requirement is divided into two parts –
¡) Physical needs- This includes hunger, thirst, water, air, sleep etc.
¡l) Socio-psychological needs – This includes need for security, need for achievement, need for identity etc.
2- Driver - The state of tension that arises due to the need of a living being is called a driver. Driver is the basic source of power which makes a human being active, like the need for water causes thirst and the need for food causes the origin of hunger. Hunger and thirst are internal stimuli that cause stress in a person.
3 - Incentive or Stimulation Incentive - incentives are the objects of the environment which satisfy the drivers by fulfilling the needs of the living being. For example, hunger is a driver which is satisfied by food, thus food is the incentive or stimulus for the hunger driver. It is of two types first. Positive incentive praise reward smile money etc. Second negative incentive pain punishment etc.
4- Motivator - Motivator is a very broad word, it includes all the drivers, stress and needs apart from encouragement. There are different forms of motivators and they are called by different names like needs, desires, determinants, tendencies, attitudes etc.
According to Mac Duggal - Motivational are those physical and psychological conditions which motivate one to do any work.
Maslow's theory of need Hierarchy or
Theory of Self Actualization
Abraham Maslow, a professor of psychology, was a humanist thinker. His idea was that man could create a better world for himself and for mankind. He differs from the behaviorists and psychoanalysts in his approach to understanding motivation and personality.
Maslow's Self-Actualization Theory Maslow's idea is that growth, development and fulfillment of human needs are arranged in a sequence from highest to lowest. According to him, it is expressed in the following form -
1- Physiological Need -
Physiological needs are related to the survival and subsistence of human life. Maslow described this as the lowest order. These needs include the need for food, clothing, shelter, oxygen, sleep, activities, etc. Sensory satisfaction. Maslow believes that this need is the strongest of all needs. Yet they are the least important for self-actualization. If a person is deprived of the fulfillment of these needs, all other needs are neither expressed nor fulfilled. Maslow concluded that children are not motivated to work. It is a better medium to fulfill the need
2- Need for security/ Safety needs
After the fulfillment of physical needs, the need for security becomes stronger in a person's personality. According to Maslow, a person needs security. If a person's physical needs are not fulfilled properly then he feels neglected and Security seeking behavior appears to be H. Security needs are related to economic and physical security, for example, security of source of income, personal security, security from risks, insurance related security in old age.
3-Social Need -
Need for belongingness and love -
When the physiological and safety needs are properly met, the need for love and belonging within the individual emerges next in order of priority. Social needs are the need for belonging, love, connection and acceptance. This is the need for belonging as a social being. This need to be known and socially accepted is manifested in the act of loving and being loved. This need emphasizes the basic psychological tendency of human beings to establish identification with collective life.
4- Need for Self - Esteem -
According to Maslow, self- esteem needs are related to awareness of self and recognition given by others. Esteem related needs are self-image, self-confidence, self-esteem, status, recognition in society - prestige, knowledge received from others. And are related to respect. Maslow has divided it into two categories -
1- Self-esteem-self-evaluation and
2 - Fame, status, social success
5- Need for self-actualization-
In the hierarchy proposed by Maslow, the need for self-actualization is the highest need. Maslow believes that self-actualization means self-realization by a person and the attainment of his best qualities. This means that a person can become whatever he can become. His abilities should be actualized. Thus, the need for self-actualization means self-fulfillment, self-expression, self-development, personal achievement and full realization of capabilities. According to Masal, self-actualization is possible only when all the previous needs of the person are fulfilled. A person feels free from socio-cultural and self-imposed control; he is not completely free, but at the same time he is not a slave to cultural traditions.
Conclusion-
We can say that for self-actualization in the hierarchical order of needs, it is necessary that a person should not worry about his biological needs, he should enjoy his work, he should be satisfied in his social relations with his family and society should feel.
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