Gagne's conditions of learning theory
Introduction-
Gagne is famous for his behaviouristic eclectic approach to the Psychology for the conditions of learning. According to gagne "Learning is a change in human disposition, or capability which can be retained and which is not simply ascribable to the process of growth".
Gagne (1970) put forward his taxonomy which suggested by experimental research on learning, sets forth eight categories of learning -
Gagne, s Categories of learning -
1- Signal learning -
In this steps learring connect response to stimulus- It is classical conditioning and a kind of stimulous substitution. eg. a student learns to make generalized response to traffic signal.
2- Stimulus-response Learning -
In this step learning connect response to stimulus - it is S-R Learning or instrumental conditioning of Thorndike. It is process of response modification .
3- Chaining - in this steps Connect two or more overt Responses - It is a set of individual Ss - Rs in a sequence. If student learns links, then only chaining is possible. eg. numerical Math 1-100.
4- Verbal association Learning - this type of learning bassed upon Connect a Varbal level to a distinctive stimulus. eg. A for Apple, B-for Ball .
5- Discrimination learning - in this learning - Connect a different response to each of two similar stimuli - eg. a child make distinctive responses to each of the printed letters of the alphabets.
6- Concept Learning - in this step- place several dissimilar stimuli in same class- It is making a common response to a class of stimuli having some common features which are essential. eg. concept learning of apple with natural fruit.
7- Rule/Principle Learning - In this stage - Learn a relation between two or more concepts - It is also known as rule learning It is the formation of a chain of two or more concepts. Principle is an inferred capability.
8. Problem Solving - in this stage - use principles to plan a response citis a natural extension of principle learning. In problem solving, students discover a combination of previously learned rules & principles that can be applied to solve the problem.
Educational Implications of Gagne's conditioning learning -
1- A teacher should use action verbs while writing behavioural objectives.
2- A teacher should observe the conditions of learning and should describe them in objective & testable terms.
3-Gagne emphasized the role of instrumental conditioning and no or very limited importance to classical conditioning.
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