Tuesday, December 5, 2023

Intelligence,definition,types,characteristics

                  

                     INTELLIGENCE -


Introduction-

 In everyday language, intelligence is about working within a person, going to a new place, adjusting oneself, etc., which have been defined by psychologists on their own basis, which is as follows -.


Definition

 Intelligence is the ability to adjust to new situations - 

According to William Stern  - intelligence is the ability to adjust to a new situation. 

According to Burt, -intelligence is the ability to make flexible adjustments. 

According to Woodworth, intelligence means the use of talent. It is the use of intellectual abilities to overcome a situation or to do something.

According to Ross- Conscious harmony in a new situation is intelligence. 

According to Wells- Intelligence is the ability to reorganize one's behavior patterns to perform better in a new situation.


2. Wisdom is the ability to think abstractly - 

According to TermanIntelligence is the ability to think about abstract ideas

 According to Spearman - Relative thinking is intelligence. 

 According to Burt - Good judgment is the ability to reason well and reason. 

According to Binet- intelligence is the ability to think well, good judgment and self-criticism. These psychologists have called intelligence the ability to abstract.

 According to Terman- Intelligence is the ability to think abstractly. 


3. Intelligence is the ability to take advantage of past experience. -

Psychologists who gave this definition are 

 According to Thorndike Ebbinghaus- intelligence is the ability to make useful use of past experience. 

According to Dearborn- it is the ability to learn or gain from experience. 

According to Buckingham - Intelligence is the ability to learn.

 The broad definition of intelligence mainly takes the definition of Wechler -

 According to Wechler - Intelligence is that universal ability of a person by which he acts purposefully, thinks rationally and behaves effectively in the environment. 


1. Element (attributes) of intelligence-

Thorndike has divided intelligence into four elements -

 i)  Level-  It is related to the level of difficulty of the task, it shows the level of intelligence of the person.

 2 - Range-  It relates to how many difficult tasks of the same type we can do. 

3 -  Area - It refers to the total number of situations in which a person has to react.

4 - Speed ​​- It is related to how fast we can react in a given situation.


 2. Kinds of Intelligence - Thorndike gave three types of intelligence. - 

Abstract Intelligence - Abstract intelligence includes the ability to solve problems with symbols, words, numbers, formulas, etc. 

 Mechanical Intelligence - It is the ability to work effectively on machines and keep information. 

Social Intelligence - It is the ability to achieve adjustment in people. People with social intelligence quickly make others their friends.


Characteristics of intelligence 

1. Each person's intelligence is different from each other. 

2. Intelligence is innate, it cannot be acquired after birth. 

3. Wisdom helps a person to solve difficult problems. 

4. Wisdom of lineage has a great impact on Socio-economic and cultural factors and ethnic differences also affect intelligence.

 5.  Environment, training and education also have an effect on intelligence.

 6. The development of intelligence takes place over a certain period of time. The development of the intellect stops until it ends. 






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