INTELLIGENCE -
Introduction-
In everyday language, intelligence is about working within a person, going to a new place, adjusting oneself, etc., which have been defined by psychologists on their own basis, which is as follows -.
Definition-
Intelligence is the ability to adjust to new situations -
According to William Stern - intelligence is the ability to adjust to a new situation.
According to Burt, -intelligence is the ability to make flexible adjustments.
According to Woodworth, intelligence means the use of talent. It is the use of intellectual abilities to overcome a situation or to do something.
According to Ross- Conscious harmony in a new situation is intelligence.
According to Wells- Intelligence is the ability to reorganize one's behavior patterns to perform better in a new situation.
2. Wisdom is the ability to think abstractly -
According to Terman - Intelligence is the ability to think about abstract ideas.
According to Spearman - Relative thinking is intelligence.
According to Burt - Good judgment is the ability to reason well and reason.
According to Binet- intelligence is the ability to think well, good judgment and self-criticism. These psychologists have called intelligence the ability to abstract.
According to Terman- Intelligence is the ability to think abstractly.
3. Intelligence is the ability to take advantage of past experience. -
Psychologists who gave this definition are
According to Thorndike Ebbinghaus- intelligence is the ability to make useful use of past experience.
According to Dearborn- it is the ability to learn or gain from experience.
According to Buckingham - Intelligence is the ability to learn.
The broad definition of intelligence mainly takes the definition of Wechler -
According to Wechler - Intelligence is that universal ability of a person by which he acts purposefully, thinks rationally and behaves effectively in the environment.
1. Element (attributes) of intelligence-
Thorndike has divided intelligence into four elements -
i) Level- It is related to the level of difficulty of the task, it shows the level of intelligence of the person.
2 - Range- It relates to how many difficult tasks of the same type we can do.
3 - Area - It refers to the total number of situations in which a person has to react.
4 - Speed - It is related to how fast we can react in a given situation.
2. Kinds of Intelligence - Thorndike gave three types of intelligence. -
Abstract Intelligence - Abstract intelligence includes the ability to solve problems with symbols, words, numbers, formulas, etc.
Mechanical Intelligence - It is the ability to work effectively on machines and keep information.
Social Intelligence - It is the ability to achieve adjustment in people. People with social intelligence quickly make others their friends.
Characteristics of intelligence -
1. Each person's intelligence is different from each other.
2. Intelligence is innate, it cannot be acquired after birth.
3. Wisdom helps a person to solve difficult problems.
4. Wisdom of lineage has a great impact on Socio-economic and cultural factors and ethnic differences also affect intelligence.
5. Environment, training and education also have an effect on intelligence.
6. The development of intelligence takes place over a certain period of time. The development of the intellect stops until it ends.
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