Erickson social development theory in English

 

Stages of social development by Erickson-

1- Trust v/s.mistrust -

 Infancy – Birth to 2 years – This is the initial stage of a child's life. At this stage, if the child is nurtured well then it develops trust and security. If the child can bear the absence of his mother without getting distressed due to the confidence that his mother will fulfill his needs, then he can Has successfully passed the stage. If the child is not fully taken care of, he becomes insecure and suspicious.

 2 - Autonomy v/s. Shame and Doubt -

 Early childhood - 2 to 4 years - According to Erikson, the second stage of social development is of autonomy versus shyness and doubt, during this time the child receives toilet training. This is similar to Freud's anal stage. If he is handled well in this stage, he passes this stage with confidence instead of feeling embarrassed.

 3 – Initiative v/s Guilt –

 Preschool period 4 - 6 years - This stage comes when a healthy child learns to use his skills extensively, to cooperate, to lead and to imitate. If at this stage he is afraid then he will be dependent on adults and if he is afraid of everyone If someone does the work, his social skills and imagination develop.

 4 - Industriousness v/s. inferiority -

 School period – 6 – 12 years – The child enters school during this period. Where the child learns to gain identity by becoming productive. Work becomes enjoyable. And he learns to conserve. If the child does not feel competent in his skills or does not feel satisfied among his peers in terms of work skills, then Feelings of inadequacy and inferiority complex may develop in him.

 5 - Identity v/s. Role Confusion -

 12 -20 years Adolescence - Under this stage, leaving childhood behind, the child enters adolescence in which the child has to search for a place, an identity, a self-perception that matches the thoughts of others about him. He tries to find the answer to the question 

who am I ?

6 - Intimacy v/s. Isolation - In this stage he is able to experience the intimacy of a lasting friendship or marriage. He can completely abandon himself in such situations without fear of his own Is. Which demands them. Fear of self-abandonment results in a feeling of isolation.  

7 – Generativity v/s stagnation – Is a stage in which procreation is defined as parental responsibility. Interest in producing as well as guiding the next generation. The person is capable of working in a productive and creative manner. 

 8 - Integrity v/s. despair - Organization means facing reality, recognizing and accepting it. A mature person develops a self-concept that he can accept and is satisfied with his role and output in life.

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